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Workers' compensation cancer presumptions are not new. This blog has addressed the topic some with Cancer Presumptions for Firefighters (2014), Firefighters Seek to Change Cancer (2016), and Cancer Presumption in Australia (2016).
There is a bill introduced to bring a cancer compensation process to Florida. Senate Bill 426 ("SB426") would define "cancer" to include the specific maladies of "Bladder cancer, Brain cancer, Breast cancer, Cervical cancer, Colon cancer, Esophageal cancer, Invasive skin cancer, Kidney cancer, Large intestinal cancer, Lung cancer, Malignant melanoma, Mesothelioma, Multiple myeloma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Oral cavity and pharynx cancer, Ovarian cancer, Prostate cancer, Rectal cancer, Stomach cancer, Testicular cancer, (and) Thyroid cancer."
There are those who are referring to this as a "cancer presumption," but that may not be an accurate description. This bill does not interact with Florida workers' compensation, but is instead "an alternative to pursuing workers’ compensation benefits under chapter 440." It is available if a firefighter (or former firefighter for up to 10 years) is diagnosed with cancer and
"has been employed by his or her employer for at least 5 continuous years, has not used tobacco products for at least the preceding 5 years, and has not been employed in any other position in the preceding 5 years which is proven to create a higher risk for any cancer."
This is not an entirely new subject. Several states have workers' compensation firefighter cancer presumption laws. According to Pennsylvania Judge David Torrey, thirty-three states have addressed firefighter cancer in some way.
Meanwhile, officials in Ontario, Canada are analyzing work cancer claims in a more holistic and inclusive manner. The "director of the Occupational Cancer Research Centre at Cancer Care Ontario" has undertaken to study "workplace-related cancer for the Ministry of Labour." TheRecord.com suggests that cancer claims are "a contentious issue today." It notes that more "than a century ago" workers compensation laws were enacted, and their effect is a prohibition on employee lawsuits against their employers.
The Research Centre Director contends that workers' compensation was not designed for the modern world. He claims that it is structured based upon knowledge founded "in an era long before occupational disease was understood." Therefore, he advocates that workers' compensation needs to "to adapt to the hazards" to which people are exposed at work. He opines that the various jurisdictions' systems have not evolved in parallel with medical science.
TheRecord.com sees an example of this in "former rubber workers." It notes that some of these have unsuccessfully sought workers' compensation benefits "for cancer and other diseases," only to suffer "long delays, road blocks and frustration." The Director contends that compensation for such disease "should not be an adversarial situation." Instead, compensation "should be a right to people." TheRecord.com says that the research the Director is performing will be used by province officials to reconsider rubber workers' claims for occupational disease between 2002 and 2017.
In some cases, the evidence around specific workplace carcinogens isn't new at all, but the compensation system has still struggled to adequately respond to the problems it causes for workers, he said. He contends that "our knowledge of what causes cancer at work improves every year," and that this body of evidence to which he refers might be used to support claims for cancer or other occupational disease.
The Director "believes the majority of occupational diseases are never reported." Despite that, the story says that in an eleven year period, the province workers' compensation system "allowed about 125,000 occupational disease claims which totaled more than $950 million in benefit costs." Thus, almost a billion dollars (presumably Canadian dollars, which would convert to about $717 billion U.S.). But TheRecord says "that's just scratching the surface of the problem."
The publication and the Director seem to be advocating for physician education in order that such allegedly work-related conditions are diagnosed as being work-related. Secondarily, there seems to be advocacy of a claims process that is geared toward compensating more such claims after they are "assessed based on the latest science." There is no description provided of what this science is, however. Perhaps that will all become more clear after the next year of the Canadian study. A recent Canada British Columbia news story draws comparisons between firefighters and other employees.
In the mean time, Florida will not be alone in a legislative discussion of cancer this year. WorkCompCentral reported recently that Montana is considering a sweeping presumption bill for firefighters. It reportedly "lists a dozen conditions that would be presumed compensable when diagnosed after a specific period of employment." This bill also addresses cardiovascular disease.
The same day, WorkCompCentral reported that Maryland is considering a bill to expand its firefighter cancer presumption. This would "add bladder, kidney or renal cell cancer to the list of diseases presumed to be compensable for firefighters." The article notes Maryland presumptions already "include throat and lung (cancer) because of the smoke conditions."
And, Texas is reportedly considering legislation to clarify its firefighter presumption law. WorkCompCentral reports that the law is considered "murky." According to the story, "insurers say (the law) limits firefighters to just three types of malignancies, but fire workers say already includes most types of cancer." Employees are seeking better enforcement of compensability decisions, and employers are seeking clarity of the law's scope.
Recently, a California jury awarded $29 million to a woman for cancer it related to the use of baby powder. The American Cancer Society notes that some talcum powder contains asbestos, and warns that inhaling asbestos-laced powder can cause cancer. Its' website is more circumspect regarding talcum powder and cancer: "The evidence about asbestos-free talc is less clear." Thus, there seems some potential for debate regarding this causative link.
The Environmental Protection Agency has recently banned the sale of Methylene Chloride, according to WebMD. It notes that this chemical compound can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, and "over the long term it increases the risk of cancer." Despite those warnings, the EPA ban only affects consumer purchasing. The chemical will still be obtainable for commercial applications. It is estimated that some "32,000 workers use methylene chloride at work. New Jersey attorney Jon Gelman has addressed this substance in his blog.
Back in California, The Telegraph reports Bayer (which purchased Monsanto in 2015) was found responsible by a jury that concluded "glyphosate-based weed killer Roundup caused non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma." Notably, the plaintiff had "sprayed the herbicide on his property for decades." According to the Chicago Tribune, there is disagreement about glyphosphate. On one hand "Monsanto says studies have established that Roundup's active ingredient, glyphosate, is safe," and "many government regulators have rejected a link between cancer and glyphosate."
The manufacturer claims that "hundreds of studies have established that the chemical is safe." However, the jury concluded otherwise, finding "using Roundup was a significant factor in his cancer." The recent trial there was in federal court, suggesting that the science that was presented by both plaintiff and defense was subject to the Daubert standard discussed in Dissing Daubert, Daubert Better Explained, and Daubert, We Barely Knew Ye.
The manufacturer claims that "hundreds of studies have established that the chemical is safe." However, the jury concluded otherwise, finding "using Roundup was a significant factor in his cancer." The recent trial there was in federal court, suggesting that the science that was presented by both plaintiff and defense was subject to the Daubert standard discussed in Dissing Daubert, Daubert Better Explained, and Daubert, We Barely Knew Ye.
Thus, there are questions about what does and does not cause cancer, causation issues. There may be issues as to how long after some exposure cancer will appear, latency issues. There may be occupations in which exposure to various chemicals and compounds is more or less likely. There may be variables such as the degree of exposure, intensity of exposure, use of safety equipment, and more. In total, there may be more questions about cancer than answers.
The legislative efforts seem focused only upon firefighters, and yet a great many questions appear unanswered. Is there justification in tiered recovery systems that treat some workers differently than others? Is there recent science, as suggested by the Ontario Director, that antiquates existing workers' compensation decision making? If so, where is that science? So many questions.
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About The Author
About The Author
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Judge David Langham
David Langham is the Deputy Chief Judge of Compensation Claims for the Florida Office of Judges of Compensation Claims at the Division of Administrative Hearings. He has been involved in workers’ compensation for over 25 years as an attorney, an adjudicator, and administrator. He has delivered hundreds of professional lectures, published numerous articles on workers’ compensation in a variety of publications, and is a frequent blogger on Florida Workers’ Compensation Adjudication. David is a founding director of the National Association of Workers’ Compensation Judiciary and the Professional Mediation Institute, and is involved in the Southern Association of Workers’ Compensation Administrators (SAWCA) and the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions (IAIABC). He is a vocal advocate of leveraging technology and modernizing the dispute resolution processes of workers’ compensation.
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